C. L. R. James

Cyril Lionel Robert James (4 January 1901 – 31 May 1989), who sometimes wrote under the pen-name J. R. Johnson, was a Trinidadian historian, journalist, Trotskyist activist, and Marxist writer. His works are influential in various theoretical, social, and historiographical contexts. His work is a staple of Marxism, and he figures as a pioneering and influential voice in postcolonial literature. A tireless political activist, James is the author of the 1937 work World Revolution outlining the history of the Communist International, which stirred debate in Trotskyist circles, and in 1938 he wrote on the Haitian Revolution, The Black Jacobins. Characterised by Edward Said as an "anti-Stalinist dialectician", James was known for his autodidactism, for his occasional playwriting and fiction writing, and as an avid sportsman. The performance of his 1934 play Toussaint Louverture was the first time black professional actors were featured in a production written by a black playwright in the UK. James' 1936 book Minty Alley was the first novel by a black West Indian to be published in Britain. He is also famed as a writer on cricket and in 1963 he published his book Beyond a Boundary, which he himself described as "neither cricket reminiscences nor autobiography".